An electrocardiogram(ECG) is a medical test that detects abnormalities of the heart (heart) by measuring the electrical activity produced when the heart contracts. A machine that records a patient’s ECG is called an electrocardiograph. An electrocardiograph records the electrical activity of the heart muscle and displays this data as a trace on a screen or paper. This data is then interpreted by a doctor. In this article. We’ll be discussing more on how an ECG test works.
How does an ECG test work?
When you are about to go through an ECG test, you will need to take off your shirt so that the electrodes can be attached to your chest and extremities. Wear a separate top and pants or skirt for easy access to the chest. Underwires in bras can interfere with ECG readings – you may be asked to remove them before the test.
Electrodes (sensors) are attached to the chest, arms, and legs by using a type of sticky gel. These electrodes detect the electrical current produced by the heart, which is measured and recorded by using an electrocardiograph.
An electrogram is used when you have these symptoms:
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Weakness, fatigue, or decreased exercise capacity
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Palpitations
- Fast pulse
When the procedure is complete, the electrodes are removed. An ECG test is completely painless and non-invasive as it does not penetrate the skin. Your doctor can immediately interpret your ECG results based on your medical history, symptoms, and clinical examination.
Types of ECG devices
If these symptoms tend to come and go, they may not be detectable during standard ECG recordings. A healthcare provider may recommend remote or continuous ECG monitoring. There are several different types.
- Holter Monitor
A holter monitor is a small wearable device that records a continuous electrocardiogram, usually lasting 1 to 2 days
- Event Monitor
Some event monitors automatically record when an irregular rhythm is detected. An event monitor is a portable device that is similar to a Holter monitor, but it can only record for a few minutes at a time at a specific time. You can wear the Holter monitor for an extended period of time, usually 30 days. When you feel symptoms, you usually push a button.
Complications and side effects
An electrocardiogram is a safe procedure with no known risks. It does not deliver electricity to the body. Some people may be allergic or sensitive to electrodes, which can cause localized reddening of the skin.
Care at home after an ECG test
After the ECG test, you can resume normal activities immediately. ECG tests are non-invasive and do not involve drugs(such as sedatives), or require recovery time.
What conditions can be diagnosed through ECG tests?
- Abnormal rhythms(arrhythmias). Fast, slow, or irregular heartbeats.
- Damage to the heart, such as a blockage of one of the arteries in the heart.
- Heart conduction system disorder.
- Imbalances in blood chemicals(electrolytes) that control heart activity.
- Previous heart attack.
- Insufficient blood supply to the heart.
- Abnormal heart position.
- Enlarged heart.
- Congenital heart defects involving the conducting system.
- Cardiac inflammation(pericarditis or myocarditis).
- Cardiac arrest in the emergency room or intensive care.
